Schwarzschild9 credibility out weaknesses in Selkirk’s78 adeptness to adumbrate emphasis adjustment based on facts about the discourse. Selkirk’s approach says annihilation about how accentuation arises in sentences with absolutely old information. She does not absolutely clear the angle of address cachet and its affiliation to emphasis marking. Schwarzschild differs from Selkirk in that he develops a added able-bodied archetypal of address status. Address cachet is bent via the entailments of the context. This is accomplished through the analogue in (16):
(16) Analogue of given: An announcement of U counts as accustomed iff it has a arresting anterior A and
a. if U is blazon e, again A and U corefer;
b. otherwise: modulo \exists-type-shifting, A entails the existential F-closure of U.
The operation in (16b) can administer to any constituent. \exists-type-shifting “is a way of transforming syntactic capacity into abounding propositions so that it is accessible to analysis whether they are basic by the context”.25 For example, the aftereffect of \exists-type-shifting the VP in (5) is (6):
(17) hums a blessed tune
(18) \existsxx hums a blessed tune25
Note that (18) is a abounding proposition. The existential F-closure in (16b) refers to the operation of replacing the accomplished F-marked bulge with an existentially bankrupt variable. The operation is apparent in (19) and (20):
(19) \existsxx hums a blessed f tune f f
(20) \existsY\existsxx hums Y25
Given the address ambience in (21a) it is accessible to actuate the address cachet of any syntactic bulge in (21b):
(21)
a. Sean hummed a blessed tune VP
b. Angie hummed Chopin’s Funeral March f VP25
If the VP in (21a) is the arresting anterior for the VP in (21b), again the VP in (21b) counts as given. \exists-type-shifed VP in (21a) is apparent in (22). The existential F-closure of the VP in (21b) is apparent in (23):
(22) \existsxx hums a blessed tune
(23) \existsY\existsxx hums Y25
(22) entails (23). Therefore, the VP of (21b) counts as given. Schwarzschild9 assumes an optimality academic grammar.26 Emphasis adjustment is bent by a set of violable, hierarchically ranked constraints as apparent in (24):
(24)
a. GIVENness: A basic that is not F-marked is given.
b. Foc: A Foc-marked byword contains an accent
c. AvoidF: Do not F-mark
d. HeadArg: A arch is beneath arresting than its centralized argument.
The baronial Schwarzschild9 proposes is apparent in (25):
(25) GIVENness, Foc >> AvoidF >> HeadArg
As seen, GIVENness relates F-marking to address status. Foc relates F-marking to emphasis placement. Foc artlessly requires that a constituent(s) of an F-marked byword accommodate an accent. AvoidF states that beneath F-marking is bigger to added F-marking. HeadArg encodes the head-argument aberration into the grammar directly.25
(16) Analogue of given: An announcement of U counts as accustomed iff it has a arresting anterior A and
a. if U is blazon e, again A and U corefer;
b. otherwise: modulo \exists-type-shifting, A entails the existential F-closure of U.
The operation in (16b) can administer to any constituent. \exists-type-shifting “is a way of transforming syntactic capacity into abounding propositions so that it is accessible to analysis whether they are basic by the context”.25 For example, the aftereffect of \exists-type-shifting the VP in (5) is (6):
(17) hums a blessed tune
(18) \existsxx hums a blessed tune25
Note that (18) is a abounding proposition. The existential F-closure in (16b) refers to the operation of replacing the accomplished F-marked bulge with an existentially bankrupt variable. The operation is apparent in (19) and (20):
(19) \existsxx hums a blessed f tune f f
(20) \existsY\existsxx hums Y25
Given the address ambience in (21a) it is accessible to actuate the address cachet of any syntactic bulge in (21b):
(21)
a. Sean hummed a blessed tune VP
b. Angie hummed Chopin’s Funeral March f VP25
If the VP in (21a) is the arresting anterior for the VP in (21b), again the VP in (21b) counts as given. \exists-type-shifed VP in (21a) is apparent in (22). The existential F-closure of the VP in (21b) is apparent in (23):
(22) \existsxx hums a blessed tune
(23) \existsY\existsxx hums Y25
(22) entails (23). Therefore, the VP of (21b) counts as given. Schwarzschild9 assumes an optimality academic grammar.26 Emphasis adjustment is bent by a set of violable, hierarchically ranked constraints as apparent in (24):
(24)
a. GIVENness: A basic that is not F-marked is given.
b. Foc: A Foc-marked byword contains an accent
c. AvoidF: Do not F-mark
d. HeadArg: A arch is beneath arresting than its centralized argument.
The baronial Schwarzschild9 proposes is apparent in (25):
(25) GIVENness, Foc >> AvoidF >> HeadArg
As seen, GIVENness relates F-marking to address status. Foc relates F-marking to emphasis placement. Foc artlessly requires that a constituent(s) of an F-marked byword accommodate an accent. AvoidF states that beneath F-marking is bigger to added F-marking. HeadArg encodes the head-argument aberration into the grammar directly.25
No comments:
Post a Comment